Uso ético de la inteligencia artificial generativa en las aulas universitarias: una revisión sistemática

Ethical use of generative artificial intelligence in university classrooms: a systematic review

Contenido principal del artículo

Autores/as

Introducción: El uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG) ha transformado las prácticas educativas universitarias y plantea nuevos desafíos relacionados con la integridad académica, la privacidad y el uso responsable de tecnologías automatizadas. En este contexto, resulta necesario establecer criterios que orienten su incorporación ética en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Objetivo: Analizar los desafíos, aportes, limitaciones y estrategias vinculados con el uso ético de la inteligencia artificial generativa en contextos universitarios. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática descriptiva con diseño documental, mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido y una ficha de registro como instrumento. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y SciELO, considerando estudios publicados entre 2023 y 2026. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección establecidos, se incluyeron 20 estudios para el análisis. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidenciaron que el 65 % de los estudios identificó riesgos relacionados con la integridad académica, mientras que el 55 % señaló preocupaciones vinculadas con la privacidad y protección de datos. Asimismo, el 70 % destacó la necesidad de establecer políticas institucionales para orientar el uso de estas herramientas. La evidencia también resalta la importancia de fortalecer las competencias digitales y éticas del profesorado, así como promover mecanismos de supervisión y criterios transparentes para su utilización académica. Conclusiones: La implementación ética de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la educación superior requiere marcos regulatorios institucionales, alfabetización digital docente y criterios claros de responsabilidad académica. Su incorporación debe orientarse a complementar los procesos educativos sin sustituir el pensamiento crítico, la autonomía intelectual ni la responsabilidad de los actores universitarios.
Introduction: The use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools has transformed educational practices in higher education and introduced new challenges related to academic integrity, privacy, and the responsible use of automated technologies. In this context, it is necessary to establish criteria to guide the ethical integration of these tools into teaching and learning processes. Objective: To analyze the challenges, contributions, limitations, and strategies associated with the ethical use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education contexts. Methodology: A descriptive systematic literature review was conducted using a documentary research design, content analysis, and a data-extraction form as the research instrument. The search was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases, considering studies published between 2023 and 2026. After applying the established selection criteria, 20 studies were included in the analysis. Results: The findings showed that 65% of the studies identified risks related to academic integrity, while 55% reported concerns regarding privacy and data protection. Furthermore, 70% emphasized the need to establish institutional policies to guide the use of these tools. The evidence also highlights the importance of strengthening teachers' digital and ethical competencies and promoting oversight mechanisms and transparent criteria for their academic use. Conclusions: The ethical implementation of generative artificial intelligence in higher education requires institutional regulatory frameworks, teacher digital literacy, and clear criteria for academic responsibility. Its integration should be oriented toward complementing educational processes without replacing critical thinking, intellectual autonomy, or the responsibility of university stakeholders.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Pilar Bueno, W. T., Ramos Huacho, M. E., Salas Flores, L. O. I., & Arámbulo Palacios, J. V. (2026). Uso ético de la inteligencia artificial generativa en las aulas universitarias: una revisión sistemática. Revista Tribunal, 6(17), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v6i17.564
Sección
Artículos de Revisión

Cómo citar

Pilar Bueno, W. T., Ramos Huacho, M. E., Salas Flores, L. O. I., & Arámbulo Palacios, J. V. (2026). Uso ético de la inteligencia artificial generativa en las aulas universitarias: una revisión sistemática. Revista Tribunal, 6(17), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v6i17.564

Referencias

Al-Hajaya, K. (2026). Academic integrity is under fire in the Generative AI age: Insights from accounting educators to overcome challenges, threats and ethical concerns. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 16(1), 237-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2025-0060
DOIGoogle Scholar

Al Zaidy, A. (2024). The impact of generative AI on student engagement and ethics in higher education. Journal of Information Technology, Cybersecurity, and Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.70715/jitcai.2024.v1.i1.004
DOIGoogle Scholar

Ardisana, E. F. H. y Gaínza, B. M. (2025). Inteligencia artificial (ChatGPT) en la educación universitaria: Realidad y consideraciones éticas. Chakiñan, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades(25), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.37135/chk.002.25.13
DOIGoogle Scholar

Bittle, K., Stewart, B., Claudatos, L. y Ramos, J. (2025). Generative AI and academic integrity in higher education: A systematic literature review. Information, 16(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040296
DOIGoogle Scholar

Bond, M., Banihashem, S. K., Bergdahl, N., Khosravi, H. y Noroozi, O. (2025). A systematic mapping review at the intersection of artificial intelligence and self-regulated learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 22(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-025-00548-8
DOIGoogle Scholar

Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Romero-Hall, E., Koutropoulos, A., Toquero, C. M., Singh, L Tlili, A., Lee, K., Nichols, M., Ossiannilsson, E., Brown, M., Irvine, V., Raffaghelli, J. E., Santos-Hermosa, G Farrell, O., Adam, T., Thong, Y. L., Sani-Bozkurt, S., Sharma, R. C., Hrastinski, S., Jandrić, P. (2023). Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636568
DOIGoogle Scholar

Chan, C. K. Y. y Zhou, W. (2023). Deconstructing student perceptions of generative AI (GenAI) through an expectancy value theory (EVT)-based instrument. Smart Learn. Environ., 10(64). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00284-4
DOIGoogle Scholar

Chao, C. y Rivera, M. Á. (2024). Usos y percepciones de herramientas de inteligencia artificial en la educación superior en México. Revista Iberoamericana de educación, 95(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.35362/rie9516259
DOIGoogle Scholar

Córdova, V. H., Barnuevo, W. K., Lara, R. X. y Del Campo, G. S. (2026). Ética digital y uso de inteligencia artificial en estudiantes de educación superior pública en Quito. Alpha International Journal, 4(1), 171-192. https://doi.org/10.63380/aij.v4n1.2026.307
DOIGoogle Scholar

Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A. y Shipway, J. R. (2024). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in education and teaching international, 61(2), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
DOIGoogle Scholar

Cowin, J. (2021). The fourth industrial revolution: Technology and education. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 19(8), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.54808/JSCI.19.08.53
DOIGoogle Scholar

Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O. y Wals, A. (2024). A SWOT analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for educational practice and research. Innovations in education and teaching international, 61(3), 460-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2195846
DOIGoogle Scholar

Foltynek, T., Bjelobaba, S., Glendinning, I., Khan, Z. R., Santos, R., Pavletic, P. y Kravjar, J. (2023). ENAI Recommendations on the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in Education. In I. J. f. E. Integrity (Ed.), (Vol. 19, pp. 1-4): Springer. https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/77995318/Published.pdf

Gallent, C., Zapata, A. y Ortego, J. L. (2023). El impacto de la inteligencia artificial generativa en educación superior: una mirada desde la ética y la integridad académica. RELIEVE. Revista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa, 29(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v29i2.29134
DOIGoogle Scholar

Gonsalves, C. (2025). Addressing student non-compliance in AI use declarations: implications for academic integrity and assessment in higher education. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 50(4), 592-606. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2024.2415654
DOIGoogle Scholar

Gutiérrez, D. (2024). Towards a critical digital literacy and consciousness in higher education: the emancipatory role of critical digital pedagogy. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 19(3), 337-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2024.2379787
DOIGoogle Scholar

Holmes, W., Bialik, M. y Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332180327

Karahan, G. y Bilgili, A. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Students’ perspectives on adoption, ethical concerns, and academic impact. Acta Infologica, 9(1), 147-166. https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.1670197
DOIGoogle Scholar

Kim, J., Klopfer, M., Grohs, J. R., Eldardiry, H., Weichert, J., Cox, L. A. y Pike, D. (2025). Examining faculty and student perceptions of generative AI in university courses. Innovative Higher Education, 50(4), 1281-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-024-09774-w
DOIGoogle Scholar

Lo, C. K. (2023). What is the impact of ChatGPT on education? A rapid review of the literature. Education sciences, 13(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040410
DOIGoogle Scholar

López, I., Gamero, E. y López, E. (2025). Inteligencia artificial, competencia digital y aficiones personales: implicaciones para la educación superior. Pixel-Bit, 73. https://doi.org/10.12795/pixelbit.115117
DOIGoogle Scholar

Lund, B., Mannuru, N. R., Teel, Z. A., Lee, T. H., Ortega, N. J., Simmons, S. y Ward, E. (2025). Student perceptions of AI-assisted writing and academic integrity: ethical concerns, academic misconduct, and use of generative AI in higher education. AI in Education, 1(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/aieduc1010002
DOIGoogle Scholar

Martínez, R., Leal, N. M., y Bacre, D. d. C. (2025). Ética en el Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa por Estudiantes Universitarios. Vinculatégica EFAN, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.29105/vtga11.6-1233
DOIGoogle Scholar

Mhlanga, D. (2023). Open AI in education, the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT towards lifelong learning. In FinTech and artificial intelligence for sustainable development: The role of smart technologies in achieving development goals (pp. 387-409). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37776-1_17
DOIGoogle Scholar

Moorhouse, B. L., Wan, Y., Wu, C., Wu, M. y Ho, T. Y. (2025). Generative AI tools and empowerment in L2 academic writing. System, 103779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2025.103779
DOIGoogle Scholar

Rudolph, J., Tan, S. y Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of applied learning and teaching, 6(1), 342-363. https://scispace.com/pdf/chatgpt-bullshit-spewer-or-the-end-of-traditional-3e0b1z03.pdf

Sanz, A., Domínguez, J. C., Baldaquí, J. M., Gómez, R. y García, A. (2025). The impact of generative AI on academic reading and writing: a synthesis of recent evidence (2023–2025). Frontiers in Education, 10, 1711718. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1711718
DOIGoogle Scholar

Slimi, Z., Benayoune, A. y Alemu, A. E. (2025). Students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence integration in higher education. European Journal of Educational Research, 14(2), 471-484. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.14.2.471
DOIGoogle Scholar

Sousa, A., Abreu, A., Cota, M. P. y Paiva, J. (2026). IA generativa en la educación superior iberoamericana: factores de adopción, desafíos regionales y oportunidades para la innovación educativa. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación(85), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19690173
DOIGoogle Scholar

Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R. y Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart learning environments, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
DOIGoogle Scholar

Torres, J. G., Fernández, O. y Ramírez, M. V. (2025). Prospectiva y futuro: políticas públicas y marco regulatorio para garantizar el uso ético y responsable de la IA en la educación superior. Inter disciplina, 13(37), 221-241. https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2025.37.92511
DOIGoogle Scholar

Vega, S. V., Palacios, R. M., Pazmiño, Á. X., Peña, M. y García, C. A. (2025). Implicaciones éticas del uso de inteligencia artificial generativa en la formación universitaria, dilema entre la innovación tecnológica y la responsabilidad académica. Revista Científica Arbitrada de Investigación en Comunicación, Marketing y Empresa REICOMUNICAR, 8(15), 833-851. https://reicomunicar.org/index.php/reicomunicar/article/view/428

Vera, F. (2023). Integración de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la educación superior. Transformar, 4(4), 36-46. https://revistatransformar.cl/index.php/transformar/article/view/108/59

Williams, R. T. (2024). The ethical implications of using generative chatbots in higher education. Frontiers in education, 8, 1331607. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1331607
DOIGoogle Scholar

Yusuf, A., Pervin, N. y Román, M. (2024). Generative AI and the future of higher education: a threat to academic integrity or reformation? Evidence from multicultural perspectives. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00453-6
DOIGoogle Scholar