Psicomotricidad en el desarrollo físico infantil: revisión sistemática narrativa

Juan Antonio Picoy Gonzales; Melina Penélope Tolentino Cotrina; Jorge Antonio Rios Soria; Claudio Teófilo Castillo; Carlos Abelardo Villanueva y Chang

doi:10.59659/revistatribunal.v6i17.588

Psicomotricidad en el desarrollo físico infantil: revisión sistemática narrativa

Psychomotor Skills and Physical Development in Children: A Systematic Narrative Review

Autores/as

Juan Antonio Picoy Gonzales
Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Huancavelica, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-6328
Melina Penélope Tolentino Cotrina
Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Huánuco, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-8894
Jorge Antonio Rios Soria
Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Huánuco, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-5828
Claudio Teófilo Castillo
Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Huánuco, Perú
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1564-3857
Carlos Abelardo Villanueva y Chang
Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Huánuco, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-9435

Resumen
Abstract

Introducción: El desarrollo físico infantil requiere experiencias motrices planificadas, progresivas y adecuadas a las características de cada etapa. En este contexto, las intervenciones psicomotrices y motoras estructuradas pueden favorecer la adquisición de habilidades fundamentales para el movimiento, la coordinación y el desempeño físico durante la infancia. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de las intervenciones psicomotrices y motoras estructuradas en el desarrollo físico de niños de 3 a 12 años. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el método PRISMA. Se incluyeron 25 estudios publicados entre 2022 y agosto de 2026, seleccionados mediante criterios de elegibilidad relacionados con intervenciones psicomotrices o motoras y desarrollo físico infantil. Resultados: Los estudios evidenciaron mejoras significativas en la competencia motora global, locomoción, control de objetos, equilibrio y coordinación. Los efectos sobre la condición física y la motricidad fina fueron menos uniformes. Las mayores mejoras se observaron en las habilidades directamente practicadas mediante actividades progresivas y acompañadas de retroalimentación. La dosis de intervención más favorable combinó aproximadamente tres sesiones semanales durante 8 a 15 semanas, con participación de personal capacitado y tareas adaptadas a las características de los niños. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones psicomotrices y motoras estructuradas constituyen una estrategia valiosa para favorecer el desarrollo físico infantil cuando se aplican bajo principios de dosis, especificidad y adecuada implementación. No obstante, se requieren estudios longitudinales con evaluación enmascarada y seguimiento prolongado para determinar la permanencia de los efectos y fortalecer la evidencia disponible.

Introduction: Children's physical development requires planned, progressive, and developmentally appropriate motor experiences. In this context, structured psychomotor and motor interventions may promote the acquisition of fundamental movement skills, coordination, and physical performance during childhood. Objective: To analyze the effects of structured psychomotor and motor interventions on the physical development of children aged 3 to 12 years. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA method. Twenty-five studies published between 2022 and August 2026 were included based on eligibility criteria related to psychomotor or motor interventions and children's physical development. Results: The studies demonstrated significant improvements in overall motor competence, locomotor skills, object control, balance, and coordination. Effects on physical fitness and fine motor skills were less consistent. The greatest improvements were observed in skills directly practiced through progressive activities accompanied by feedback. The most favorable intervention dose combined approximately three sessions per week over 8 to 15 weeks, with the participation of trained personnel and tasks adapted to children's developmental characteristics. Conclusions: Structured psychomotor and motor interventions constitute a valuable strategy for promoting children's physical development when implemented according to principles of appropriate dosage, specificity, and implementation fidelity. However, longitudinal studies with blinded assessment and extended follow-up are needed to determine the persistence of effects and strengthen the available evidence.

Cómo citar

Picoy Gonzales, J. A., Tolentino Cotrina, M. P., Rios Soria, J. A., Teófilo Castillo, C., & Villanueva y Chang, C. A. (2026). Psicomotricidad en el desarrollo físico infantil: revisión sistemática narrativa. Revista Tribunal, 6(17), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v6i17.588

Número

Vol. 6 Núm. 17 (2026): Tribunal. Revista en Ciencias de la Educación y Ciencias Jurídicas. Octubre – Diciembre 2026

Sección

Artículos de Revisión

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Cómo citar

Picoy Gonzales, J. A., Tolentino Cotrina, M. P., Rios Soria, J. A., Teófilo Castillo, C., & Villanueva y Chang, C. A. (2026). Psicomotricidad en el desarrollo físico infantil: revisión sistemática narrativa. Revista Tribunal, 6(17), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v6i17.588

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