Conductas antisociales y delictivas como predictor de autoeficacia en estudiantes de educación secundaria
Antisocial and delinquent behaviors as a predictor of self-efficacy in secondary school studentsContenido principal del artículo
La adolescencia es una etapa donde emergen patrones comportamentales que impactan el desarrollo académico. El objetivo fue determinar si las conductas antisociales y delictivas predicen la autoeficacia en estudiantes de secundaria. Se empleó un diseño no experimental-correlacional con 622 estudiantes. Los instrumentos fueron el Cuestionario AD-Seisdedos (Pérez y Rosario, 2017) y la Escala de Autoeficacia General (Baessler y Schwarzer; adaptación Grimaldo, 2005). Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias pequeñas según sexo en conductas antisociales (r = .18) y delictivas (r = .10), con medias superiores en varones. Se encontraron diferencias pequeñas según situación familiar en conductas antisociales (r = .21) y delictivas (r = .15), con medias superiores en estudiantes con padres separados/divorciados. La predictibilidad mostró influencia negativa moderada de las conductas antisociales sobre la autoeficacia en varones (β = -.311, R² = .082) y influencia trivial en mujeres (β = .098, R² = .009). Se concluye que las conductas antisociales y delictivas predicen negativamente la autoeficacia, con diferencias según sexo y situación familiar.
The objective of this study was to determine if antisocial and criminal behaviors predict self-efficacy in secondary education students. A non-experimental-correlational cross-sectional design was employed with a population of 622 students from 3rd to 5th grade of secondary school from a public school in Trujillo. The instruments used were the Antisocial and Criminal Behaviors Questionnaire AD-Seisdedos (Pérez and Rosario, 2017 adaptation) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale by Baessler and Schwarzer (Grimaldo, 2005 adaptation). The results showed a small magnitude difference according to sex in antisocial (r = .18) and criminal behaviors (r = .10) with higher means in males compared to females. A small magnitude difference was found according to family situation in antisocial (r = .21) and criminal behaviors (r = .15), with higher means in students with separated/divorced parents compared to those with cohabiting/married parents. Regarding predictability, a negative moderate influence of antisocial behaviors on self-efficacy was evidenced in males (β = -.311, R² = .082) and a trivial influence in females (β = .098, R² = .009). It is concluded that antisocial and criminal behaviors negatively predict self-efficacy, with significant differences according to sex and family situation.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Cómo citar
Referencias
Abdullah, E., y Fitrah, R. (2019). Self-efficacy in young adults with divorced parents. Proceedings of the 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018). https://www.atlantispress.com/proceedings/acpch-18/55914388
Anuario PNP. (2022). Anuario estadístico de la Policía Nacional del Perú. Ministerio del Interior.
Aquino, S. J. (2022). Niveles de autoeficacia en la elección profesional en estudiantes de educación secundaria de una institución pública [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad César Vallejo]. Repositorio UCV. https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Record/USAT_4a798045628517739360c320510e07d3
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.
Bandura, A. (1999). Autoeficacia: cómo afrontamos los cambios de la sociedad actual. https://www.conducteam.com/recursos-libros/auto-eficaciacomo-afrontamos-los-cambios-de-la-sociedad-actual/
Bobbio, A. (2021). Conducta antisocial y principales factores de riesgo. Revista de Psicología, 30(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18800/revpsicologia.202102.001
Bobbio, A., Arbach, K., y Bruera, J. (2022). Anti-normative behavior in adolescents: Prevalence and differences by sex. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 31(3), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.14349/rcp.vol31.no3.a3
Çaksen, H. (2021). The effects of parental divorce on children. Psychiatrike, 33(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2021.040
Chen, L., Wang, Y., y Liu, M. (2025). Effects of empathy and regulatory emotional self-efficacy on the behavioral difficulties and strengths of young offenders. Journal of Adolescence, 52(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2025.01.006
Guo, S., Zhang, H., y Li, J. (2024). Investigating predictors of juvenile traditional and/or cyber offense types using machine learning techniques. Computers in Human Behavior, 145, 107234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107234
Gubbels, J., Assink, M., y van der Put, C. E. (2024). Protective factors for antisocial behavior in youth: What is the meta-analytic evidence? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 53(2), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01878-4
Guevara, G., Verdesoto, A., y Castro, N. (2020). Metodologías de investigación educativa (descriptivas, experimentales, participativas, y de investigación acción). Revista Recimundo, 4(2), 163–173. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7591592.pdf
Huang, S., Chen, K., y Yang, L. (2024). Enhancing academic self-efficacy on decreasing students’ propensity for problematic behaviors: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon, 10(2), e24347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24347
Iglesias, J. (2013). Desarrollo del adolescente: Aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Sociedad Española de Medicina de la Adolescencia. http://www.adolescenciasema.org/usuario/documentos/1-desarrolloadolescente.pdf
Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Dodge, A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Sönmez, K., … y Quinn, N. (2006). Physical discipline and children’s adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator. Child Development, 77(6), 1629–1643. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00959.x
Ley N° 27337. (2000). Código de los Niños y Adolescentes. El peruano, 7 de agosto de 2000. https://www.mimp.gob.pe/files/direcciones/dgfc/diff/normatividad_nacional_general/4_Codigo_de_los_Ni%C3%B1osyAdolescentes.pdf
Li, X., Liu, S., y Zhang, M. (2024). Mediating effects of academic self-efficacy and depressive symptoms on prosocial/antisocial behavior among youths. Educational Psychology, 44(3), 298–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2024.2278951
Liu, Q., Wang, X., y Zhang, Y. (2024). Gendered pathways to socioemotional competencies in adolescence: A longitudinal study. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 56854. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56854-0
Manrique, M. (2020). Aporte del funcionamiento familiar en las conductas antisociales en estudiantes de secundaria. Revista de Investigación Psicológica, 13, 87–98. https:/ /dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7770641
Mardia, K. (1979). Multivariate analysis. Academic Press. https://statisticalsupportandresearch.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/k-v-mardia-j-t-kent-j-m-bibby-multivariate-analysis-probability-and-mathematical-statistics-academic-press-inc-1979.pdf
Martínez, E. (2022). Conducta antisocial en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias. Formación Estratégica, 6(02), 75–105. https://formacionestrategica.com/index.php/foes/article/view/90
Miller, A., Johnson, M., y Davis, K. (2024). Predicting juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior in adulthood using machine learning: Evidence from the Add Health study. Developmental Psychology, 60(3), 445–462. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001689
Nature. (2025). Analysis of the significance and gender differences in the factors influencing adolescent antisocial behavior. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 1247. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99212-4
Nivette, A., Sutherland, A., Eisner, M., y Murray, J. (2019). Sex differences in adolescent physical aggression: Evidence from sixty-three low- and middle-income countries. Aggressive Behavior, 45(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21799
Peña, E., y Graña, J. (2006). Agresión y conducta antisocial en la adolescencia: una integración conceptual. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 32(140), 37–63. http://www.masterforense.com/pdf/2006/2006art1.pdf
Raimondi, G., Dawe, J., Alivernini, F., Manganelli, S., Diotaiuti, P., Mandolesi, L., … y Cavicchiolo, E. (2025). Self-efficacy and psychological well-being in adolescents: Evaluating the moderating role of socioeconomic status and cultural factors. Pediatric Reports, 17(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020039
Redondo, S., y Pueyo, A. A. (2007). La psicología de la delincuencia. Papeles del Psicólogo, 28(3), 147–156. http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/vernumero.asp?id=1499
Rivera, O., Rosario, F., Benites, S., y Pérez, E. (2019). Conductas antisociales y pensamientos automáticos en escolares del Perú. Fides et Ratio, 18(18), 111–132. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?pid=S2071-081X2019000200007&script=sci_arttext
Rodríguez, H. (2023). ¡Alerta! Minedu reportó 92 casos de violencia sexual escolar en La Libertad. La República. https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2023/03/06/la-libertad-trujillo-92-casos-de-violencia-sexual-escolar-en-la-libertad-segun-minedu-lrnd-242640
Sagone, E., De Caroli, M., Falanga, R., y Indiana, M. (2022). Resilience and perceived self-efficacy in life skills from early to late adolescence. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 27(1), 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2020.1771599
Schmidt, V., Firpo, L., Vion, D., De Costa, M., Casella, L., Blum, G., y Pedrón, V. (2010). Modelo Psicobiológico de Personalidad de Eysenck: una historia proyectada hacia el futuro. Revista de Psicología, 19(1), 5–35. http://revistapsicologia.org/index.php/revista/article/viewFile/63/60
Tong, D., Isik, I., y Talwar, V. (2024). Relations among lie-telling self-efficacy, moral disengagement, and willingness to tell antisocial lies among children and adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 246, 105999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105999
Trillo, K. (2022). Funcionamiento familiar y autoeficacia en la toma de decisión en la carrera en estudiantes de Lima Metropolitana [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]. Repositorio UNMSM. URI http://hdl.handle.net/10757/660240
Van Goozen, S., Langley, K., y Hobson, C. (2022). Childhood antisocial behavior: A neurodevelopmental problem. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 353–377. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-052621-045243
Waghmare, S., y Shinde, M. (2021). Juvenile delinquency and personality: Literature review. International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(4), 85–92. http://irjhis.com/paper/IRJHIS2104014.pdf
Walters, G. (2021). Delinquency as a consequence of parental warmth and self-efficacy: A test of the mediating effect of parental control self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence, 91, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.05.005
Xu, S., Yu, J., y Hu, Y. (2023). Formation mechanism and prediction model of juvenile delinquency. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1087368. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087368
Zhan, W., y You, Z. (2024). Family communication patterns, self-efficacy, and adolescent online prosocial behavior: A moderated mediation model. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 658. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03202-2