La justicia ambiental como derecho humano: análisis comparativo internacional y perspectivas futuras
Environmental justice as a human right: international comparative analysis and future perspectivesContenido principal del artículo
La justicia ambiental propicia los debates contemporáneos sobre derechos humanos. Es por ello que el objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la aplicación de la justicia ambiental como derecho humano en diferentes jurisdicciones internacionales, mediante un análisis comparativo que permita identificar tendencias, diferencias y proyecciones futuras. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en el método PRISMA, donde se identificaron 30 estudios publicados entre el año 2021 y 2025. Los resultados muestran que la justicia ambiental se reconoce de manera desigual, con dificultades en su implementación efectiva en comunidades vulnerables. Tiene estrecha relación con derechos como salud, agua, vivienda y participación, así como incidencia en dinámicas extractivas y contaminantes. Además, existen diferencias en la aplicación de marcos normativos entre regiones provocado por la influencia de factores socioeconómicos y políticos. Se concluye que la justicia ambiental como derecho humano requiere reformas institucionales, cooperación internacional y marcos normativos más equitativos.
Environmental justice fosters contemporary debates on human rights. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the application of environmental justice as a human right in different international jurisdictions, through a comparative analysis that identifies trends, differences, and future projections. To this end, a systematic review based on the PRISMA method was conducted, identifying 30 studies published between 2021 and 2025. The results show that environmental justice is recognized unevenly, with difficulties in its effective implementation in vulnerable communities. It is closely related to rights such as health, water, housing, and participation, as well as having an impact on extractive and polluting practices. Furthermore, there are differences in the application of regulatory frameworks between regions due to the influence of socioeconomic and political factors. The study concludes that environmental justice as a human right requires institutional reforms, international cooperation, and more equitable regulatory frameworks.
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