Prisión preventiva en la eficiencia judicial y derechos fundamentales en Tacna (2008-2013)
Preventive detention in judicial efficiency and fundamental rights in Tacna (2008-2013)Contenido principal del artículo
La prisión preventiva (PP) constituye una medida cautelar de significativa controversia en los sistemas de justicia penal, generando una tensión entre la necesidad de asegurar los fines procesales y la protección de derechos fundamentales. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el impacto multidimensional de la aplicación de la PP en la eficiencia del sistema de justicia penal y la tutela de derechos en el Distrito Judicial de Tacna, Perú, durante los primeros años de implementación del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal (2008-2013). El enfoque es cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo, diseño no experimental. Mediante el análisis de 314 expedientes judiciales y encuestas a 95 operadores jurídicos. Los resultados revelan que, si bien el cumplimiento de presupuestos legales (fumusdelicticomissi, prognosis de pena, periculum in mora) predice la PP, el tipo de delito y los antecedentes del imputado también influyen. Las conclusiones subrayan la necesidad de un uso excepcional y rigurosamente justificado de la PP para equilibrar eficiencia y garantías.
Pretrial detention (PR) is a highly controversial precautionary measure in criminal justice systems, generating tension between the need to ensure procedural ends and the protection of fundamental rights. The objective of this study is to evaluate the multidimensional impact of the application of PR on the efficiency of the criminal justice system and the protection of rights in the Judicial District of Tacna, Peru, during the first years of implementation of the New Code of Criminal Procedure (2008-2013). The approach is quantitative, descriptive, and non-experimental. The study analyzes 314 court files and surveys conducted with 95 legal practitioners. The results reveal that, while compliance with legal requirements (fumus delicticomissi, sentencing prognosis, periculum in mora) predicts PR, the type of crime and the defendant's criminal record also play a role. The conclusions underscore the need for exceptional and rigorously justified use of PR to balance efficiency and guarantees.
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