Dilemas éticos de la Inteligencia Artificial en la práctica legal: Revisión Sistemática
Ethical Dilemmas of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice: A Systematic ReviewContenido principal del artículo
La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando rápidamente la práctica jurídica, no como una amenaza, sino como una herramienta para mejorar la eficiencia y ampliar el acceso a la justicia. Este estudio, realizado conforme a las directrices del método PRISMA, identifica las principales preocupaciones éticas en torno al uso de la IA en el ámbito legal. La revisión, que examinó publicaciones académicas indexadas en Scopus y Web of Science hasta mayo de 2025, excluyendo aquellas no relacionadas con la práctica legal, encontró que la IA representa un cambio de paradigma potencial. De un total de 136 documentos, se seleccionaron 19 artículos relevantes que exploraron temas como la automatización legal, la rendición de cuentas y los marcos regulatorios. Los hallazgos hacen un fuerte énfasis en los marcos regulatorios (57.89%) y las comparaciones internacionales (42.11%), junto con una atención considerable a la responsabilidad, la ética profesional y la formación jurídica. En contraste, los debates sobre el acceso a la justicia y la equidad fueron menos frecuentes. Aunque la literatura ha avanzado en el abordaje de cuestiones regulatorias, el análisis revela vacíos críticos en las discusiones sobre justicia social, gobernanza algorítmica y derechos humanos. Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad urgente de adoptar directivas de uso ético y responsable para su adopción, con un enfoque normativo adaptativo y éticamente fundamentado. Este enfoque no es solo una sugerencia, sino una necesidad frente a la rápida evolución de la IA. En última instancia, el estudio ofrece una base sólida para la formulación de políticas públicas basadas en evidencia y para orientar futuras investigaciones jurídicas.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming legal practice—not as a threat, but as a tool to enhance efficiency and broaden access to justice. This study, conducted by the PRISMA methodology, identifies the main ethical concerns surrounding the use of AI in the legal domain. The systematic review examined academic publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science up to May 2025, excluding those unrelated to legal practice, and found that AI represents a potential paradigm shift in the field. From an initial pool of 136 documents, the study selected 19 relevant articles addressing issues such as legal automation, accountability, and regulatory frameworks. The findings strongly emphasize regulatory frameworks (57.89%) and international comparisons (42.11%), alongside significant attention to accountability, professional ethics, and legal education. In contrast, discussions on access to justice and equity appeared less frequently. Although the literature has advanced in addressing regulatory issues, the analysis reveals critical gaps in discussions related to social justice, algorithmic governance, and human rights. These results underscore the urgent need to adopt ethical and responsible guidelines for AI usage, grounded in an adaptive and principled normative approach. This is not merely a recommendation, but a necessity in the face of AI’s rapid evolution. Ultimately, the study provides a robust foundation for the formulation of evidence-based public policy, offering clear direction for future legal research.
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